In the event of disk full or running out of space, you will consider to do the following.
How should I proceed?
1. Run a before-and-after command in order to justify changes being made.
On the running-out-of-disk-space server, issue the command below to see output.
# fdisk -l
Output:
[root@bacula bacula]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00010027
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 6528 51915776 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_root: 51.0 GB, 51044679680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6205 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Note: Again, above command is just for your information, no action required. You can see originally we have 50GB disk space. We're about to add another 50GB.
2. Adding new VM disk on the running-out-of-disk-space server at VM for 50GB.
3. After adding, it's recommend to restart the server to refresh changes made.
# reboot
# fdisk -l
Output:
[root@bacula ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00010027
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 6528 51915776 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_root: 51.0 GB, 51044679680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6205 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Note: There is new physical volume appeared which listed under /dev/sdb
4. Now, configure the physical volume
# fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@bacula ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd164aa6a.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): <enter>
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): <enter>
Using default value 6527
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@bacula ~]#
5. Run again fdisk -l to see the changes made
Note: What we expecting is to see /dev/sdb is listed under boot disk
#fdisk -l
[root@bacula ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00010027
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 6528 51915776 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd164aa6a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 6527 52428096 83 Linux (Note:If earlier partition number that you hit is '2', then it become /dev/sdb2)
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_root: 51.0 GB, 51044679680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6205 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Note: /dev/sdb disk has created device boot named as /dev/sdb1,which means new physical device created.
6. Format the physical volume on /dev/sdb1
#mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
[root@bacula ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks
655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@bacula ~]#
7. To add /dev/sdb1 to /dev/sda2 (/dev/sda1 needs to have a different tool to combine with /dev/sdb1 to become a single partition)
i) List what Physical Volumes has now. To differentiate before and after.
# pvdisplay
[root@bacula ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_baculaserver
PV Size 49.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12674
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12674
PV UUID Ihe0af-Stl3-CVFg-C1ZO-hsBK-hfqp-Ks90Ks
Note: You only see /dev/sda2, where is /dev/sdb1?
ii) Add /dev/sdb1 into pvdisplay and show pvdisplay
#pvcreate /dev/sdb1
[root@bacula ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb1"
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@bacula ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_baculaserver
PV Size 49.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12674
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12674
PV UUID Ihe0af-Stl3-CVFg-C1ZO-hsBK-hfqp-Ks90Ks
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "50.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 50.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID xkqJFU-coVt-zPJq-ncqQ-muaa-c0bv-KV4HrL
Note: /dev/sdb1 is already added after issuing command pvdisplay. 7 (i) doesn't have it.
iii) To Group /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb1 and issue a display to see result
# vgextend /dev/vg_baculaserver /dev/sdb1
[root@bacula ~]# vgextend /dev/vg_baculaserver /dev/sdb1
Volume group "vg_baculaserver" successfully extended
[root@bacula ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_baculaserver
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 99.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25473
Alloc PE / Size 12674 / 49.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 12799 / 50.00 GiB
VG UUID hf53rJ-vpLK-1YHi-t13v-NjCQ-Ww1p-c0LJp7
[root@bacula ~]#
Note: Now you can see under the VG Name, you can see only one partition which is vg_baculaserver. Previously was divided into 2 which were /dev/sda2 and dev/sdb1.VG size now has increased to 100Gb (99.5GB)
iv) Now you have create PV and VG. Lastly you need to create a logical volume
Before this, you need to display what are existing logical volume available
#lvdisplay
[root@bacula ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name vg_baculaserver
LV UUID ED1rOn-IasT-aDlz-olFn-h0t2-GJrB-G6pWn7
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time bacula-server, 2012-12-06 20:53:48 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 47.54 GiB
Current LE 12170
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name vg_baculaserver
LV UUID 4kh0ak-ywH5-2FSR-TB2j-tROP-y7j6-6f3ZZj
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time bacula-server, 2012-12-06 20:57:43 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.97 GiB
Current LE 504
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@bacula ~]#
Note: LV size now is 47Gb (50GB) only.
v) Issue command #lvextend -L+48GB /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root
[root@bacula ~]# lvextend -L+48GB /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root
Extending logical volume lv_root to 95.54 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
[root@bacula ~]#
Note: Note: Why it only extend 48GB but not 50GB? Due to system calculation concern, it can't be exactly 50GB but only lesser
Sample of error received if insert #lvextend -L+50GB /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root
[root@bacula ~]# lvextend -L+50GB /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root
Extending logical volume lv_root to 97.54 GiB
Insufficient free space: 12800 extents needed, but only 12799 available
vi) Perform again lvdisplay to see result
#lvdisplay
[root@bacula ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name vg_baculaserver
LV UUID ED1rOn-IasT-aDlz-olFn-h0t2-GJrB-G6pWn7
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time bacula-server, 2012-12-06 20:53:48 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 95.54 GiB
Current LE 24458
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name vg_baculaserver
LV UUID 4kh0ak-ywH5-2FSR-TB2j-tROP-y7j6-6f3ZZj
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time bacula-server, 2012-12-06 20:57:43 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.97 GiB
Current LE 504
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@bacula ~]#
Note: LV size now has increased to 95.54Gb (100GB)
v) Issue df -h to see usable size before and after applying resize.
[root@bacula ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_root
47G 12G 35G 25% /
tmpfs 504M 188K 504M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot
\\\\192.168.130.1\\lms\\lms_backup
1.0T 594G 431G 58% /lmsbackup
[root@bacula ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 6
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root to 25044992 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_baculaserver/lv_root is now 25044992 blocks long.
[root@bacula ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_baculaserver-lv_root
95G 12G 82G 13% /
tmpfs 504M 188K 504M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot
\\\\192.168.130.1\\lms\\lms_backup
1.0T 594G 431G 58% /lmsbackup
[root@bacula ~]#
Note: Usable size has been added.
8. Completed.
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